- 7.1 Oxidation (Growing SiO₂)
- 7.2 Photolithography (The Printing of Circuits) – Deep UV, EUV
- 7.3 Etching (Wet vs. Dry/Plasma)
- 7.4 Deposition (CVD, PVD, ALD)
- 7.5 Doping (Diffusion & Ion Implantation)
- 7.6 Metallization (Depositing interconnects – Copper, Aluminum)
- 7.7 Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP)
- 7.8 Testing & Dicing
Dr. Mira Khatri loved quiet rooms and humming machines. In her cluttered home office, beneath a poster of early microchips and a window that watched the city lights, she kept a single obsession: a PDF she called simply The Guide. It wasn’t just any manual — it was a living map through the microscopic geography of modern life.
The Process: