The 2019 Capital One breach exemplifies the dangers of SSRF vulnerabilities exploiting the AWS Instance Metadata Service, resulting in the theft of 106 million customer records. By leveraging excessive permissions and misconfigured WAF to query 169.254.169.254
The use of URL encoding (e.g., %3A for : , %2F for / ) is a standard evasion technique used to bypass Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) or input sanitization logic that might be looking for the string 169.254.169.254 in plaintext. The 2019 Capital One breach exemplifies the dangers