At 3 AM on Thursday, they had it: a sequence of 47 test vectors. It looked like gibberish—a cascade of 1s and 0s—but it was a skeleton key.
Breaking the system into isolated units with well-defined interfaces, making it easier to pinpoint and resolve faults. Automated Test Pattern Generation (ATPG): Using algorithms like the D-algorithm
Empirical Learning of Digital Systems Testing and Testable Design Using Industry-Verified EDA Tools in Classroom "