| Part | Topics | |------|--------| | | Data representation, digital logic review, bus structures, performance metrics | | II – Instruction‑Set Architecture | Addressing modes, instruction types, RISC vs. CISC, stack machines | | III – Processor Organization | Datapath, control unit (hardwired vs. microprogrammed), pipelining (structural, data, control hazards) | | IV – Memory Hierarchy | Cache (mapping, replacement, write policies), main memory, virtual memory, TLBs | | V – I/O and System Integration | Interrupts, DMA, bus standards (VME, PCI), storage systems | | VI – Parallel Architectures | SIMD, MIMD, vector processors, multiprocessor coherence protocols (snooping, directory) |
: Hayes emphasizes a structured design process, moving through gate-level, register-level, and finally processor-level components. Processor Basics Computer Architecture And Organization John P Hayes Pdf